Urban air quality monitoring is essential for safeguarding public health and fostering sustainable development. Traditional ground-based methods while valuable, often provide sparse spatial coverage and time-series resolution. Remote sensing, however, offers a complementary solution to overcome thes

Urban metropolises are often characterized by diverse air quality challenges. Traditional ground-based monitoring networks can be sparse in capturing the full spatial and temporal variability of air pollution. Remote sensing, with its ability to provide a synoptic view of large areas, has emerged as